add Chapter18

Chapter18/cib/hal/adc/inc/adc.hpp

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <expected>
+
+#include <units.hpp>
+
+namespace hal
+{
+    class adc {
+    public:
+        enum class error {
+            timeout
+        };
+
+        virtual void init() = 0;
+        virtual std::expected<units::voltage, adc::error> get_reading() = 0;
+    };
+};

Chapter18/cib/hal/adc/inc/adc_stm32.hpp

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <adc.hpp>
+#include <units.hpp>
+
+#include <stm32f0xx_hal.h>
+#include <stm32f072xb.h>
+
+namespace hal 
+{
+
+    class adc_stm32 : public adc{
+    public:
+        adc_stm32(units::voltage ref_voltage) : ref_voltage_(ref_voltage) {}
+
+        void init() override;
+        std::expected<units::voltage, adc::error> get_reading() override;
+    private:
+        ADC_HandleTypeDef adc_handle_;
+        units::voltage ref_voltage_;
+    };
+};

Chapter18/cib/hal/adc/src/adc_stm32.cpp

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+#include <adc_stm32.hpp>
+
+void hal::adc_stm32::init() {
+    ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
+
+    /** Configure the global features of the ADC (Clock, Resolution, Data Alignment and number of conversion)
+    */
+    adc_handle_.Instance = ADC1;
+    adc_handle_.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_ASYNC_DIV1;
+    adc_handle_.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
+    adc_handle_.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
+    adc_handle_.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DIRECTION_FORWARD;
+    adc_handle_.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
+    adc_handle_.Init.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE;
+    adc_handle_.Init.LowPowerAutoPowerOff = DISABLE;
+    adc_handle_.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
+    adc_handle_.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
+    adc_handle_.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
+    adc_handle_.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
+    adc_handle_.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
+    adc_handle_.Init.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;
+    if (HAL_ADC_Init(&adc_handle_) != HAL_OK)
+    {
+        //Error_Handler();
+    }
+
+    /** Configure for the selected ADC regular channel to be converted.
+    */
+    sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
+    sConfig.Rank = ADC_RANK_CHANNEL_NUMBER;
+    sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_1CYCLE_5;
+    if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&adc_handle_, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
+    {
+        //Error_Handler();
+    }
+}
+        
+std::expected<units::voltage, hal::adc::error> hal::adc_stm32::get_reading() {
+    HAL_ADC_Start(&adc_handle_);
+    if(HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&adc_handle_, 1000) != HAL_OK) {
+        return std::unexpected(hal::adc::error::timeout);
+    }
+
+    auto adc_val = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&adc_handle_);
+
+    return ref_voltage_ * adc_val / 4096.f;
+}

Chapter18/cib/hal/gpio/inc/gpio.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace hal
+{
+class gpio
+{
+public:
+    gpio(const std::function<void()> & on_press = nullptr);
+    void execute_interrupt_handler() const;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool is_interrupt_generated() const = 0;
+    virtual void clear_interrupt_flag() const = 0;
+private:
+    std::function<void()> on_press_;
+};
+}; // namespace hal

Chapter18/cib/hal/gpio/inc/gpio_interrupt_manager.hpp

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <gpio.hpp>
+
+namespace hal {
+
+    struct gpio_interrupt_manager {
+        static void register_interrupt_handler(gpio * pin);
+
+        static void execute_interrupt_handlers();
+
+        static constexpr std::size_t c_gpio_handlers_num = 16;
+        static inline std::array<gpio*, c_gpio_handlers_num> gpio_handlers{};
+        static inline std::size_t w_idx = 0;
+    };
+};

Chapter18/cib/hal/gpio/inc/gpio_stm32.hpp

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+#include <gpio.hpp>
+
+#include <stm32f072xb.h>
+
+namespace hal {
+
+enum class pin : uint16_t {
+        p_invalid = 0,
+        p0 = 0x0001U,
+        p1 = 0x0002U,
+        p2 = 0x0004U,
+        p3 = 0x0008U,
+        p4 = 0x0010U,
+        p5 = 0x0020U,
+        p6 = 0x0040U,
+        p7 = 0x0080U,
+        p8 = 0x0100U,
+        p9 = 0x0200U,
+        p10 = 0x0400U,
+        p11 = 0x0800U,
+        p12 = 0x1000U,
+        p13 = 0x2000U,
+        p14 = 0x4000U,
+        p15 = 0x8000U,
+        all = 0xFFFFU
+};
+
+struct port_a {
+    static constexpr uint8_t c_pin_num = 16;
+    static inline GPIO_TypeDef * port = reinterpret_cast<GPIO_TypeDef*>(GPIOA);
+    static void init_clock () {
+        __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename Port>
+class gpio_stm32 : public gpio {
+public:
+    gpio_stm32(pin the_pin, const std::function<void()> & on_press = nullptr) 
+    : gpio(on_press), the_pin_(the_pin) {
+        Port::init_clock();
+
+        GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct { static_cast<uint16_t>(the_pin),
+                                            GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING,
+                                            GPIO_NOPULL,
+                                            GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW,
+                                            0 };
+        HAL_GPIO_Init(Port::port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
+
+        if(on_press) {
+            enable_interrupt();
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool is_interrupt_generated() const override {
+        return __HAL_GPIO_EXTI_GET_IT(static_cast<uint16_t>(the_pin_));
+    }
+    void clear_interrupt_flag() const override {
+        __HAL_GPIO_EXTI_CLEAR_IT(static_cast<uint16_t>(the_pin_));
+    }
+private:
+    pin the_pin_ = pin::p_invalid;
+
+    void enable_interrupt() {
+        // TODO: check EXTI line macro according to pin used
+        HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(EXTI4_15_IRQn, 0, 0);
+        HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(EXTI4_15_IRQn);
+    }
+};
+};

Chapter18/cib/hal/gpio/src/gpio.cpp

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+#include <gpio.hpp>
+#include <gpio_interrupt_manager.hpp>
+
+namespace hal {
+
+gpio::gpio(const std::function<void()> & on_press) {
+    on_press_ = on_press;
+    gpio_interrupt_manager::register_interrupt_handler(this);
+}
+
+void gpio::execute_interrupt_handler () const {
+    if(is_interrupt_generated())
+    {
+        clear_interrupt_flag();
+        if(on_press_) {
+            on_press_();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+};

Chapter18/cib/hal/gpio/src/gpio_interrupt_manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <gpio_interrupt_manager.hpp>
+
+namespace hal {
+
+void gpio_interrupt_manager::register_interrupt_handler(gpio * pin) {
+    gpio_handlers.at(w_idx++) = pin;
+}
+
+void gpio_interrupt_manager::execute_interrupt_handlers() {
+    for(std::size_t i = 0; i < w_idx; i++) {
+        gpio_handlers[i]->execute_interrupt_handler();
+    }
+}
+extern "C" void EXTI4_15_IRQHandler(void) {
+    gpio_interrupt_manager::execute_interrupt_handlers();
+}
+};

Chapter18/cib/hal/inc/hal.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <stm32f0xx_hal.h>
+
+namespace hal
+{
+inline void init()
+{
+    HAL_Init();
+}
+
+inline std::uint32_t get_pc() 
+{
+    std::uint32_t pc;
+    __asm volatile ("mov %0, pc" : "=r" (pc) );
+    return pc;
+}
+
+struct time
+{
+    static std::uint32_t get_ms()
+    {
+        return HAL_GetTick();
+    }
+
+    static void delay_ms(uint32_t delay) 
+    {
+        HAL_Delay(delay);
+    }
+};
+}; // namespace hal

Chapter18/cib/hal/uart/inc/stm32f0xx_hal_uart.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stm32f0xx_hal.h>
+#include <stm32f072xb.h>
+
+namespace hal::stm32{
+    struct uart {
+        uart() = delete;
+
+        static inline HAL_StatusTypeDef init(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) {
+            return HAL_UART_Init(huart);
+        }
+
+        static inline HAL_StatusTypeDef transmit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, 
+                                                uint8_t *pData, 
+                                                uint16_t Size, 
+                                                uint32_t Timeout) {
+            return HAL_UART_Transmit(huart, pData, Size, Timeout);
+        }
+    };
+};

Chapter18/cib/hal/uart/inc/uart.hpp

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
+
+namespace hal
+{
+class uart
+{
+  public:
+    virtual void init(std::uint32_t baudrate) = 0;
+    virtual void write(std::span<const char> data) = 0;
+};
+}; // namespace hal

Chapter18/cib/hal/uart/inc/uart_stm32.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <span>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <uart.hpp>
+
+#include <stm32f0xx_hal_uart.hpp>
+
+namespace hal
+{
+template <typename HalUart>
+class uart_stm32 : public uart
+{
+  public:
+    uart_stm32(USART_TypeDef *inst) : instance_(inst) {}
+
+    void init(std::uint32_t baudrate = c_baudrate_default) override {
+      huart_.Instance = instance_;
+      huart_.Init.BaudRate = baudrate;
+      huart_.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
+      huart_.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
+      huart_.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
+      huart_.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
+      huart_.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
+      huart_.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
+      huart_.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
+      huart_.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
+      // TODO: add GPIO initialization for real hardware
+      huart_.MspInitCallback = nullptr;
+      HalUart::init(&huart_);
+    }
+    void write(std::span<const char> data) override {
+      // we must cast away costness due to ST HAL's API
+      char * data_ptr = const_cast<char *>(data.data());
+      HalUart::transmit(&huart_, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(data_ptr), data.size(),
+                      HAL_MAX_DELAY);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    UART_HandleTypeDef huart_;
+    USART_TypeDef *instance_;
+    std::uint32_t baudrate_;
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t c_baudrate_default = 115200;
+};
+}; // namespace hal

Chapter18/cib/hal/uart/src/uart_stm32.cpp

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+#include <uart_stm32.hpp>
+
+template <typename HalUart>
+hal::uart_stm32<HalUart>::uart_stm32(USART_TypeDef *inst)
+    : instance_(inst)
+{
+}
+
+template <typename HalUart>
+void hal::uart_stm32<HalUart>::init(std::uint32_t baudrate)
+{
+    huart_.Instance = instance_;
+    huart_.Init.BaudRate = baudrate;
+    huart_.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
+    huart_.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
+    huart_.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
+    huart_.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
+    huart_.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
+    huart_.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
+    huart_.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
+    huart_.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
+    // TODO: add GPIO initialization for real hardware
+    huart_.MspInitCallback = nullptr;
+    HalUart::init(&huart_);
+}
+
+template <typename HalUart>
+void hal::uart_stm32<HalUart>::write(std::span<const char> data) 
+{
+    // we must cast away costness due to ST HAL's API
+    char * data_ptr = const_cast<char *>(data.data());
+    HalUart::transmit(&huart_, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(data_ptr), data.size(),
+                      HAL_MAX_DELAY);
+}