add Chapter12

Chapter12/cpp_hal/util/inc/signal.hpp

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cmath>
+
+template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+struct signal : public std::array<T, N>
+{
+
+  constexpr signal() {}
+
+  constexpr signal(T begin, T end)
+  {
+    static_assert(N > 1, "N must be bigger than 1");	  
+    float step = (end - begin) / (N - 1);
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+    {
+      this->at(i) = begin + i * step;
+    }
+  }
+
+  constexpr signal(const std::array<T, N> &x, auto fun)
+  {
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+    {
+      this->at(i) = fun(x.at(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  constexpr signal(const signal &sig, auto fun)
+  {
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+    {
+      this->at(i) = fun(sig.at(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  constexpr signal operator+(const T &t) const
+  {
+    return signal(*this, [&](T elem)
+                  { return elem + t; });
+  };
+
+  constexpr signal operator-(const T &t) const
+  {
+    return signal(*this, [&](T elem)
+                  { return elem - t; });
+  };
+
+  constexpr signal operator*(const T &t) const
+  {
+    return signal(*this, [&](T elem)
+                  { return elem * t; });
+  };
+
+  constexpr signal operator/(const T &t) const
+  {
+    return signal(*this, [&](T elem)
+                  { return elem / t; });
+  };
+
+  constexpr signal operator+(const signal &sig) const
+  {
+    signal ret;
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+    {
+      ret.at(i) = this->at(i) + sig.at(i);
+    }
+    return ret;
+  };
+
+  constexpr signal operator-(const signal &sig) const
+  {
+    signal ret;
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+    {
+      ret.at(i) = this->at(i) - sig.at(i);
+    }
+    return ret;
+  };
+
+  friend constexpr signal operator+(const T &t, const signal &sig)
+  {
+    return sig + t;
+  }
+
+  friend constexpr signal operator*(const T &t, const signal &sig)
+  {
+    return sig * t;
+  }
+
+  friend constexpr signal operator/(const T &t, const signal &sig)
+  {
+    signal ret;
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+    {
+      ret.at(i) = t / sig.at(i);
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+};

Chapter12/cpp_hal/util/inc/units.hpp

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+#pragma once
+
+namespace units 
+{
+    template<typename T, typename ST>
+    class unit {
+    private:
+	    T val_; 
+    public:
+	    explicit unit(T val) : val_(val){}
+	    [[nodiscard]] T get() const {return val_;}
+        [[nodiscard]] T get_mili() const {return 1e3 * val_;}
+
+        constexpr T operator/(const unit& second) const{
+            return val_ / second.get();
+        }
+
+        constexpr unit operator*(const T& second) const{
+            return unit(val_ * second);
+        }
+
+        constexpr unit operator/(const T& second) const{
+            return unit(val_ / second);
+        }
+    };
+
+    using voltage = unit<float, struct the_voltage>;
+    using resistance = unit<float, struct the_resistance>;
+
+    voltage operator""_V(long double volts);
+
+    resistance operator""_Ohm(long double ohms);
+};